You will find discussed below common misconceptions held by some students managing the transition to sophomore level classes. I will then discuss some general issues such as the rights of students and attitudes that help or hinder student success at this level.
Reality: This is false. An instructor is allowed to add any material he or she wants to add. The text book can be a central element (as it is in our 200 level classes) or a secondary resource.Theory: An instructor is not allowed to use examples that are not explained in detail in the text.
Theory: An instructor is not allowed to ask questions on tests that correspond to material discussed in class but which are not in the book.
Reality: This is not true either. Anything mentioned in class, in the text sections we cover, in the problems assigned or that comes up in projects is fair game. As a practical matter, instructors should telegraph clearly the kind of thing that will appear on tests, at least in the last few days before the test. I virtually tell you (look at your notes) what will be on tests. You will never get an instructor who telegraphs this information more clearly. I don't do this until a few days before the test because I want you to learn ALL the material, and not focus too early. The questions I ask tend to be easy calculations if you understand what is going on. If you don't know what is going on, I need to know that too. Test questions are designed to give me this information. I don't write test questions to reward super-geniuses who can invent solutions on-the-spot. I write test questions that reward students who have done a lot of hard work outside of class.
Theory : The instructor should always answer my question when I ask one. Ideally, the material should be presented so I always know just what to do and don't get stuck too often.
Reality: I can think of four reasons for not answering a student question:
a) No time. - In class we may need to move on to a new topic. I may recommend that the student come to my office hour. Sometimes I can see a student outside of office hour but not always. Faculty have 100+ students, tests to prepare, committee work that must be done, seminars to go to, lives of their own and so on. Sometimes I will not be able to squeeze fifteen minutes or half hour of extra "office hour" into my schedule. At UW faculty have one office hour per week. We have five.
b) The student is asking a question that indicates that he or she has not read the text.
c) The student is asking a question that is on prerequisite material.
d) The student is asking about a topic I want him or her to figure out and answer alone. These are "synthesis" issues where a student is struggling to move up to a new level of understanding and efficiency. If I answer the question it will injure this effort or even prevent eventual success entirely. Some things are just plain hard and your instructor cannot learn for you.
Students really hate it when an instructor declines to answer a question for whatever reason. The attitude often is that payment of tuition gives the student certain rights and that is indeed the case. (Washington Residents should be aware that your tuition covers only a quarter of the cost of education. Taxpayers pick up the rest.)
The right to come to class and participate.The right to a well organized class where the class objectives (in our case,UNDERSTANDING the ideas we present in class and being able to perform certain calculations) are clearly set out as the class proceeds.
The right to be fairly evaluated on these objectives.
The student does not have the right to pick and choose what topics may be included in class or on the tests. There is no right to an A or a B grade. The instructor is not the custodian of your transcript, and informing the instructor that you really need an A does not help you get one. When a student tells me something like that (several have this quarter) my immediate impulse is to respond "Then you should take this class seriously and work very hard to earn one." I do not give the Z or I grade to conceal, from those who will review your transcripts, an unsuccessful effort.
What you buy with your tuition is an opportunity to learn and a right to be evaluated and have the level of your success recorded on a BC transcript.
What you do with the opportunity is up to you.
Evaluation and course content is up to me.
Various obstacles come to mind when I see students struggling and there is not one thing I can do about any of them except discuss the issues out in the open.
Not having prerequisite knowledge: This is vital. You cannot take two or more sequential math classes simultaneously, which is what you are trying to do if you are not fully "fluent" in class prerequisites. If you have not used a mathematical tool for years, it will not be there when you need it. You must brush up BEFORE you take a 200 level class.
Not enough time for the class : I organize things so that a student with the prerequisites will require (REALLY - NOT A JOKE) 2 to 3 quality hours of study outside of class for every hour inside of class to perform at the A or B level. Too many hard classes or outside work or many other distractions can make these numbers unattainable. If you don't have that much time to spend then you don't have the time to take this class - period. The things I do in class will gradually become unintelligible and explanations will seem like a string of non-sequiturs.
Not taking the class seriously: I regard mathematics as beautiful and worth studying for itself. Most people regard their own specialty in this way.The incredible utility of mathematics is a bonus. Many students have no interest in the abstract nature of mathematics and regard it as virtually useless except as it yields immediate answers to engineering, economics or physics problems. This attitude is ineffective in the long run because such students concentrate on the trees and miss the forest. If you THINK of the problem correctly the answer often pops out, while if you concentrate on the details everything is muddy. Now that you are in 200 level classes a bit of creativity and "art" is required to succeed. You have to believe it is "worth it" or, from a psychological standpoint, it is much harder to put in the level of effort required in the direction required.
Believing that the class is impossibly difficult: Again, this is a psychological issue. I have taught this class a number of times both here and elsewhere. You are indeed trying to bring yourself up to a new level of mathematical sophistication and it is hard and confusing and different and often messy. That's life - deal with it. This class is not impossibly difficult, and if you think so it will make the hard job you have to do even harder. I have repeatedly seen rooms full of people struggle and make the transition and succeed. You can too.
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